Learning Stones

   BOTANICAL DESCRIPTION OF Datura metal Habit :  Large herb Root :  Tap root system Stem :  Hollow , herbaceous with strong odour Leaf :  Simple , alternate , reticulate venation and exstipulate Inflorescence :  Axillary cyme , Solitary Flower :  Bracteate , ebracteolate , complete , pentamerous , actinomorphic , bisexual and hypogynous Calyx :  Sepals 5 , green , gamosepalous , valvate aestivation Corolla :  Petals 5 , greenish white , gamopetalous , plicate , twisted aestivation Androecium :  Stamens 5 , free , epipetalous . Anthers are dithecous , longitudinally dehiscent Gynoecium :  Ovary superior , Bicarpellary , syncarpous , bilocular but tetralocular due to the formation of false septa . Carpels are obliquely placed . Axile placentation . Style is simple . Stigma bilobed Fruit :  Capsule Seed :  Endospermous Floral diagram : Floral formula :

  BOTANICAL DESCRIPTION OF Musa paradisiaca Habit : Gigantic monocarpic perennial herb Root : Fibrous adventitious root system Stem : The real stem is underground called rhizome . The aerial stem is pseudostem Leaf : Simple , leaf blade is large , pinnately parallel venation , phyllotaxy is spiral   Inflorescence : Branched spadix Flowers : Bracteate , ebracteolate, sessile , trimerous , unisexual or bisexual , zygomorphic and epigynous Perianth : Tepals 6 , arranged in two whorls of 3 each . The outer 3 tepals and the inner two lateral tepals fused to form 5 toothed tube . The inner posterior tepal is free , valvate aestivation Androecium : Stamens 6 , in two whorls of 3 each . Only 5 stamens are fertile , the inner posterior stamen is absent . Anthers are dithecous , dehisce by vertical slits . Filament is filiform Gynoecium : Ovary inferior , tricarpellary, syncarpous, trilocular, axile placentation . Style is simple and filiform. Stigma is three lobed Fruit : Elongated fleshy berry

  BOTANICAL DESCRIPTION OF Ricinus communis (male) Habit : Shrub Root : Taproot system Stem :  Erect , latex is present Leaf : Alternate , palmately lobed , venation is palmately reticulate divergent  Inflorescence : Compund raceme or panicle .Male flowers are seen below and female flowers are near the apex  Flower : Bracteate , ebracteolate , pedicillate , actinomorphic , incomplete  Perianth : Tepals 5 , gamophyllous , valvate aestivation Androecium : Stamens many , filaments branched to form five branches , polyadelphous. Anthers are dithecous , dehiscing longitudinally Gynoecium :   Absent but pistillode is present Floral diagram : Floral formula :

  BOTANICAL DESCRIPTION OF Ricinus communis ( female) Habit :  Shrub Root :  Taproot system Stem :   Erect , latex is present Leaf :  Alternate , palmately lobed , venation is palmately reticulate divergent  Inflorescence :  Compund raceme or panicle.   Male flowers are seen below and female flowers are near the apex  Flower :  Bracteate , ebracteolate , pedicillate , actinomorphic , incomplete and hypogynous  Perianth : Tepals 3 , gamophyllous , valvate aestivation  Androecium : Absent but staminode is present  Gynoecium : Ovary superior , tricarpellary , syncarpous , trilocular , axile placentation , style 3 , deep red and long bifid stigma  Fruit :  Regma  Seed : Endospermous  Floral diagram : Floral formula :

  BOTANICAL DESCRIPTION OF  Hibiscus rosa-sinensis Habit : Shrub Root : Tap root system Stem : Erect and woody Leaf : Simple, alternate,serrate with reticulate venation Inflorescence : Solitary cyme Flower : Bracteate,bracteole, bisexual,pentamerous,actinomorphic, complete and hypogynous Epicalyx : 5 to 8 bracteoles outer to the calyx Calyx : Sepals 5 , green , gamosepalous , valvate aestivation. Corolla : Petals 5 , variously coloured , polypetalous , twisted aestivation. Androecium : Numerous stamens , monadelphous , anthers are monothecous , reniform , dehisce transversely. Gynoecium : Ovary superior , pentacarpellary , syncarpous , pentalocular , axile placentation , style long , stigma 5 . Fruit : Mostly abortive . Floral diagram : Floral formula :

    ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE OF PLANTS     COMMON NAME  BINOMIAL  NAME  USES  USEFUL PARTS  Pirandai  Cissus quadrangularis  To treat asthma and stomach troubles  Entire plant  Manathakkali  Solanum nigrum  Curing liver disorders like cirrhosis of liver  Entire plant  Thottal Surungi  Mimosa pudica  Curing piles,minor skin wounds and whooping cough  Entire plant  Rice  Oryza sativa  major food of half of the world's population  Fruit (Caryopsis)  Groundnut  Arachis hypogea  oil is extracted from the seeds and used as fine cooking medium  seeds  Cotton  Gossypium barbadense  The seed coat of this plant produces surface fibres for textile industry  seed coat fibres  Lady's finger  Abelmoschus esculentus  vegetable  tender fruit  Potato  Solanum tuberosum  common vegetables throughout the world  stem tuber  Brinjal  Solanum melongena  vegetables  tender fruit  Tomato  Lycopersicon esculentum  delicious vegetables  ripened fruit  Thoodhuvalai  Solanum trilobatum  to treat cough  Leaves,

      SYSTEMATIC POSITION OF MALVACEAE The cotton family Class : Dicotyledonae Sub - class : Polypetalae Series : Thalamiflorae Order : Malvales Family : Malvaceae SYSTEMATIC POSITION OF SOLANACEAE The potato family Class : Dicotyledonae Sub - class : Gamopetalae Series : Bicarpellate Order : Polemoniales Family : Solanaceae SYSTEMATIC POSITION OF EUPHORBIACEAE The castor family Class : Dicotyledonae Sub - class : Monochlamydeae Series : Unisexuales Family : Euphorbiaceae SYSTEMATIC POSITION OF MUSACEAE The banana family Class : Monocotyledonae Series : Epigynae Family : Musaceae     SYSTEMATIC POSITION OF LAURINEAE Class : Dicotyledonae Sub - class : Monochlamydeae Series : Daphnales Family : Laurineae

    MALVACEAE - ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE Fibre plant  :  Gossypium hirsutum  yeilds cotton fibres of commercial value. Food plant  : The tender fruit of  Abelmoschus esculentus  is used as vegetable. Timber plant  : Timber obtained from  Thespesia populnea  is used for making boat and furniture. Medicinal plant  : Roots and leaves of  Abutilon indicum  are used against fever. Ornamental plant  :  Hibiscus rosa-sinensis  is grown in gardens.       SOLANACEAE- ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE Food plant :  Tubers of  Solanum tuberosum  are used as common vegetables. Medicinal plant :  Roots of  Atropa belladonna  yield powerful alkaloid 'atropine' . It is used for relieving muscular pain . Leaves, flowers, berries of  Solanum trilobatum  are used to treat cough. Tobacco :  Nicotine in the leaves of  Nicotiana tabacum  is considered to be the principal alkaloid in commercial tobaccos such as cigarette and bidi. Ornamental :  Cestrum diurnum  is grown in garden for their beautiful flowers. EUPHORBIA

  PRESCRIPTIVE PROCESS MODEL Select the model which is the combination of waterfall and incremental (or iterative) models Prototyping model Agile model XP model Spiral model Team members waiting time is very less in Prototyping model Incremental model Waterfall model The success of Spiral model lies on the effective planning on Risks True False Select the CORRECT item about the Spiral model Requirements donot have any changes Requirements are complex and need evaluation to get clarity Customer is sure about the set of requirements Suits for Short term project Identify the traditional process model V model XP model Spiral model Agile model Select the type of testing done during Architecture design System Testing Acceptance Testing Unit Testing Integration Testing Select the suitable model which does the client evaluation prior before actual design starts Spiral model Waterfall model Prototyping model Incremental model Select the phase when Implementation is done Construction Modeling De

  OBJECTIVE GENERAL KNOWLEDGE -  DISCRETE MATHEMATICS A set of formulae A, B, C, D,......,R is said to be inconsistent if  their disjunction is a tautology their conjunction is a tautology their conjunction is a contradiction their disjunction is a contradiction (x)(A(x) → B is equivalent to (∃x) (A(x) → B) ((∃x) A(x) → B) ((x)(A(x)→B) Which of the following propositions are equivalent over the universe of integers,.   (i) 0< n^2 ≤ 4. (ii)  0< n^3 ≤ 8. (iii)  0< n ≤ 2 (i) and (ii) are equivalent (i) and (iii) are equivalent all are equivalent (ii) and (iii) are equivalent Let L(x, y) be the statement “x loves y,” where the domain for both x and y consists of all people in the world. Use quantifiers to express, “Joy is loved by everyone.” ∃x ¬L(Joy, x) ∃y∀x L(x, y) ∀x L(x, Joy) ∀y L(Joy,y) An Open statement is a declarative sentence that is a tf- statement when each of its symbols is replaced by a specific object from a designated set that has no symbols that is a tf- statement

OBJECTIVE GENERAL KNOWLEDGE -  DISCRETE MATHEMATICS Let R be the equivalence relation on the set of real numbers such that aRb if and only if a-b is an integer. Then equivalence class of [2]R is : 2n, n belongs to R Z R , the set of real numbers (2n+1)/2, n belongs to integers Let R be the equivalence relation on the set of real numbers such that aRb if and only if a-b is an integer. Then equivalence class of [1/2]R is : 2n, n belongs to R Z R , the set of real numbers (2n+1)/2, n belongs to integers Consider the function f(x) = x3 + 1, then f is Onto  One to one Both one to one and onto Neither one to one nor onto Let R be the relation on the set of  people consisting of pairs (a, b), where a is a parent of b. Let S be the relation on the set of people consisting of pairs (a, b), where a and b are siblings (brothers or sisters). What is and R ◦ S? R ◦ S = {(a,b)| b is an uncle or aunt of a} R ◦ S = {(a,b)| a is an uncle or aunt of b}  R◦ S = {(a,b)| b is parent of a} R ◦ S = {(a,b)| a

  OBJECTIVE GENERAL KNOWLEDGE -  CURRENCIES The currency of Italy is : Rupee Peso Lira Yen What is the currency of Bangladesh? Taka Rupiah Paisa Rupee Zloty is the currency of : Hungary Portugal Poland Romania Dinar is the currency of : Iraq Iran Italy Israel Krona is the currency of : Switzerland Sudan Norway Sweden The currency of South Africa is : Lira  Pound Rand France Yen is the currency of : Italy Japan China Panama Guilder is the currency of : Sweden The Netherlands Spain Libya Rupees is the currency of : Lebanon Taiwan India Sri Lanka The currency of Portugal is : Escudo Franc Pound Peso Pound is the currency of : Britain Cyprus Congo All of them Lira is the currency of : Iran Korea Italy Bulgaria Rouble is the currency of : Poland Russia Norway Israel The currency of Thailand is : Dollar Baht Taka Pound Rupiah is the currency of : Indonesia Bulgaria Australia Italy The currency of Myanmar is : Krona Leva Yen Kyat Dinar is the currency of : France Sweden Tunisia None of these

  OBJECTIVE GENERAL KNOWLEDGE -  GAMES AND SPORTS In cricket the length of wicket pitch is : 22yds 18yds 16yds 20yds The highest number of medals in the XXVI Atlanta Olympics was won by : US Germany Russia China The national game of India is : Hockey Cricket Football Kabadi Lala Amarnath was associated with the sport of : Hockey Lawn Tennis Table Tennis Cricket Modern Cricket was first played in : India U.K Pakistan West Indies Olympic games were originally started in : 1849 1766 1876 1880 The 'Rovers Cup' is associated with : Football Hockey Badminton Tennis The term 'Penalty Corner' is associated with : Polo Hockey Cricket Football The world champion for Chess is : Boris Spasky Bobby Fischer Anatoly Karpov Vishwanathan Anand The term 'Jockey' is associated with : Polo Bridge Playing cards Horse racing The 11th CWG were held at : Singapore New Delhi Sydney Edmonton Alberta The dimensions of the Billiards table are : 10' * 5' * 3' 9' * 4' * 2

  OBJECTIVE GENERAL KNOWLEDGE -  GAMES AND SPORTS Which country had won first word cricket cup? England West Indies India Australia With what game is 'Ranjit Trophy' associated? Bridge Lawn Tennis Cricket Football 'Leg Bye' is associated with the game : Hockey Cricket Tennis Badminton With what game is 'Santhosh Trophy' associated? Bridge LawnTennis Cricket Football With what game is 'Ashes' associated? Tennis Cricket Football Hockey In 1996 Olympic games were held in : Los Angeles Atlanta Rio de Janeiro North Korea With what game is Grand Slam associated? Chess Bridge Table tennis Volleyball With what game is 'Swaythling Cup' associated? Hockey Table Tennis Lawn Tennis Chess With what game is 'Davis Cup' associated? Badminton Lawn Tennis Table Tennis Badminton With what game is 'Maiden Over' associated? Golf Cricket Hockey Volleyball With what game is 'Steffi Graf' associated? Athletics Chess Tennis None of these Shivaji

  OBJECTIVE GENERAL KNOWLEDGE -  AWARDS AND PRIZES ' Dada Saheb Phalke ' award for 1997 was presented to : Dilip Kumar Shivaji Ganesan Shyam Benegal Dr.Raj Kumar ' Dada Saheb Phalke ' award for 2000 was presented to : Raj Kumar Asha Bhonsle Ashok Kumar A.K.Hangal ' Dada Saheb Phalke ' award for 1987 was presented to : Raj Kapoor V.Shantaram B.Nagi Reddi Satyajit Ray Gandhi Peace Award for 1995 was given to : Kenneth Kaunda Nelson Mandela Tulshidas Jadhav Mother Teressa In 1992 Bharat Ratna Award was given to: Rajiv Gandhi Mother Teressa J.R.D.Tata none of these In 1997 Bharat Ratna Award was given to: Manmohan Singh Dr.A.P.J. Abdul Kalam T.N. Seshan Dr. Mandela In 1987 Bharat Ratna Award was given to: Satyajit Ray Abdul Ghaffar Khan B.C.Roy Mother Teressa Magasaysay Award in 1997 for International Understanding has been won by : An Indian An Indonesian A Japanese A Chinese Who won Nobel Prize(Peace) in 1996 ? Dr. Norman Borlaug Willy Brandt Dr. Henry Kissinger J

   OBJECTIVE GENERAL KNOWLEDGE -  COMPUTER AWARENESS Mega Bytes is the unit for measuring which of the following? Density of population Intensity of earth Memory capacity of a computer Data unit The radix of a hexadecimal system is : 7 8 15 9 A logic circuit coresponding to - 'sign' is : NAND gate OR gate AND gate NOR gate When family of logic circuits uses field effect transistors? CMOS TTL both none of these Read and write capabilities are available in : ROM RAM both none of  these Control unit is the part of : input output ALU  CPU Which one is not a package? Page Maker World Perfect BASIC none of these Which one is the secondary memory of the computer? ROM floppy RAM none of these Monitor of a computer is : input device output device both  none of these Floppy Disk is a: secondary storage device utility package software hardware Speed of Dot Matrix  Printer is measured in : CPS DPS PPM AMU Speed of Laser Printer is measured in : CPS DPS PPM AMU A set of data is known as : f